A hydrocele is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the testicle, leading to swelling in the scrotum. This fluid buildup creates a soft, painless mass that can vary in size. Hydroceles are often classified into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital hydroceles are present at birth and occur when the processus vaginalis, a channel through which the testicles descend into the scrotum, fails to close properly, allowing fluid to accumulate. Acquired hydroceles develop later in life and may result from inflammation or injury to the scrotum, infection, or underlying conditions such as testicular tumors or chronic conditions that affect lymphatic drainage. Infections like epididymitis or sexually transmitted infections can also lead to the formation of a hydrocele. Symptoms primarily include a noticeable swelling in the scrotum, which may be more pronounced during the day and less so at night. In most cases, hydroceles are not painful, but they can cause discomfort or a feeling of heaviness. Treatment for a hydrocele depends on its size, cause, and the presence of symptoms. If the hydrocele is small, asymptomatic, and not causing discomfort, it may be monitored over time, as it can sometimes resolve on its own, particularly in congenital cases. For larger or symptomatic hydroceles, surgical intervention, known as hydrocelectomy, is typically recommended to remove the excess fluid and repair the sac. This procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis and can effectively resolve the condition and alleviate symptoms.
